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What’s the difference between a lead producer, executive producer and co-producer?

Defining the roles and corresponding responsibilities of different producer titles

(Front row) Lead producers Jill Furman, Kevin McCollum (center left) and Jeffrey Seller (center right) hoist Lin-Manuel Miranda on their shoulders when accepting the Tony Award for Best Musical at Radio City Music Hall on June 15, 2008 in New York City (Credit: Theo Wargo/WireImage)

The moniker “producer” is commonly used in entertainment, though understanding what a producer does often seems unclear. In the Broadway sphere, the term is actually just one part of a full title — as there are multiple types of producers, each with different decision-making power and responsibility. “Producer” can actually refer to a lead, executive, co- or associate producer. 

In November 2024, the Commercial Theater Institute (CTI) convened a panel, titled “Who’s Who in the Commercial Theater,” to help differentiate these roles. The Business of Broadway (BoB) is an organization that offers courses to clarify business terminology, practices and more with regards to the theater industry — including vocabulary around producing. BoB was founded and is run by producers Sammy Lopez, Erica Rotstein, Heather Shields and Rachel Sussman. Using CTI and BoB as resources, Broadway News outlines the duties of each type of producer.

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